Appendix A. The questions
Every company was asked one question in the form "Who are the leading [category] in Finland?". Companies in the same market share the question. 85 questions, grouped by sector. No company is listed against them.
Construction and built environment (4)
- Who are the leading building renovation companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading construction companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading engineering and architecture consulting companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading infrastructure construction companies in Finland?
Electronics, telecom and measurement technology (15)
- Who are the leading cable manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading defense technology companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading electrification and automation technology companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading electronics manufacturing services (EMS) companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of EV charging equipment in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of X-ray detectors and imaging components in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of communication headsets and equipment for first responders and defense in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of ophthalmic diagnostic devices in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of weather, environmental and industrial measurement instruments in Finland?
- Who are the leading printed circuit board manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading providers of power quality and energy storage solutions in Finland?
- Who are the leading quantum computing companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading secure communications and defense electronics companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading suppliers of broadband network and video technology in Finland?
- Who are the leading suppliers of mobile network infrastructure and telecom equipment in Finland?
Energy, chemicals, pharma and materials (11)
- Who are the leading electricity producers and energy companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading energy infrastructure and industrial service companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading foam glass and glass recycling companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading food ingredient and plant based food companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading gold mining companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading nonwoven fabric manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading pharmaceutical companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading renewable fuel producers and oil refiners in Finland?
- Who are the leading stainless steel manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading suppliers of water treatment chemicals in Finland?
- Who are the leading waste management and recycling companies in Finland?
Forest, paper, packaging and wood (7)
- Who are the leading building insulation material manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading food packaging manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading forest industry companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading log home manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of prefabricated wooden wall and roof elements in Finland?
- Who are the leading paperboard manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading sawmill and wood products companies in Finland?
Industrial machinery and equipment (20)
- Who are the leading composite profile manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading elevator and escalator companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading forest machinery manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading hydraulic cylinder and hydraulics technology manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of aseptic packaging machinery and materials for liquid dairy products in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of cargo handling equipment for ports and terminals in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of drilling tools and rock drilling consumables in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of industrial cranes and lifting equipment in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of industrial weighing systems in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of soundproof office pods and phone booths in Finland?
- Who are the leading manufacturers of truck mounted cranes and load handling equipment in Finland?
- Who are the leading marine and energy technology companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading metal casting and machined component manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading office furniture manufacturers in Finland?
- Who are the leading oil spill response and environmental technology companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading suppliers and rental providers of construction and earthmoving machinery in Finland?
- Who are the leading suppliers of glass processing machinery in Finland?
- Who are the leading suppliers of mining and aggregates processing equipment in Finland?
- Who are the leading suppliers of plywood and veneer production machinery in Finland?
- Who are the leading suppliers of pulp, paper and energy process technology in Finland?
Professional, trade and business services (17)
- Who are the leading accounting and payroll service providers for small and medium sized companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading business and credit information service providers in Finland?
- Who are the leading distributors of vehicle spare parts and aftermarket equipment in Finland?
- Who are the leading dry bulk shipping companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading engineering and technical design service companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading facility services and property maintenance companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading industrial maintenance service companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading logistics and freight forwarding companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading newspaper and media publishing companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading office supplies and workplace product suppliers in Finland?
- Who are the leading pharmaceutical wholesalers and distributors in Finland?
- Who are the leading postal and logistics companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading printing and marketing communications service companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading project management consulting companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading retail and wholesale trading companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading staffing and recruitment companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading technical trading and industrial products distributors in Finland?
Software and IT services (11)
- Who are the leading ERP and business management software providers for small and medium sized companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading IT services and consulting companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading business software providers for construction and installation companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading cloud contact center software providers in Finland?
- Who are the leading cybersecurity and IT service companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading enterprise software providers for retail and industry in Finland?
- Who are the leading intelligent automation and RPA service providers in Finland?
- Who are the leading providers of application development frameworks and tools in Finland?
- Who are the leading providers of telecom BSS and OSS software in Finland?
- Who are the leading software and digital consulting companies in Finland?
- Who are the leading telecommunications operators in Finland?
Total unique questions: 85.
Appendix B. Per engine, per date
Count of the 100 companies. Named: the company appears in the answer text. Named first: the first company named in the text. Own website: at least one source on the company's own domain. Sites per answer: different sites cited, average over answers that had text. On 12 October Google AI Mode answered 95 of 100 questions.
4 September
| Engine | Named | Named first | Own website among sources | Sites per answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude | 72 | 49 | 29 | 7.4 |
| ChatGPT | 76 | 55 | 35 | 3.7 |
| Gemini | 94 | 53 | 37 | 4.4 |
| Google AI Mode | 84 | 52 | 50 | 4.5 |
22 September
| Engine | Named | Named first | Own website among sources | Sites per answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude | 73 | 50 | 26 | 7.5 |
| ChatGPT | 82 | 52 | 34 | 3.8 |
| Gemini | 90 | 58 | 35 | 5.3 |
| Google AI Mode | 84 | 56 | 49 | 4.5 |
| Perplexity | 89 | 53 | 44 | 11.4 |
12 October
| Engine | Named | Named first | Own website among sources | Sites per answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude | 81 | 49 | 24 | 7.7 |
| ChatGPT | 78 | 51 | 32 | 4.2 |
| Gemini | 93 | 55 | 31 | 5.0 |
| Google AI Mode | 77 | 52 | 46 | 4.3 |
| Perplexity | 89 | 51 | 44 | 10.7 |
22 September, asked as a buyer
| Engine | Named | Named first | Own website among sources | Sites per answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude | 74 | 47 | 33 | 11.1 |
| ChatGPT | 75 | 47 | 39 | 5.9 |
| Gemini | 90 | 55 | 17 | 2.8 |
| Google AI Mode | 79 | 57 | 47 | 4.1 |
| Perplexity | 84 | 58 | 45 | 11.6 |
Appendix C. The 30 most cited sources
By the number of the 100 companies a source was cited for on at least one of the four engines asked on every date (Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini, Google AI Mode). The companies' own websites are shown as one row for comparison.
| Source | 4 Sept | 22 Sept | 12 Oct |
|---|---|---|---|
| The companies' own websites | 67 | 62 | 61 |
| ensun.io | 76 | 78 | 71 |
| en.wikipedia.org | 47 | 56 | 54 |
| An American B2B data vendor's directory pages | 2 | 18 | 41 |
| A Finnish sales software startup's ranking pages | 7 | 12 | 22 |
| aeroleads.com | 22 | 14 | 19 |
| zoominfo.com | 15 | 18 | 19 |
| goodfirms.co | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| nordicleaddatabase.com | 20 | 11 | 16 |
| fi.linkedin.com | 9 | 9 | 12 |
| clutch.co | 9 | 15 | 12 |
| tms-outsource.com | 4 | 4 | 10 |
| companydata.com | 9 | 12 | 10 |
| marketsandmarkets.com | 6 | 8 | 9 |
| Wikipedia, other languages | 10 | 11 | 9 |
| toolbox.finland.fi | 9 | 6 | 9 |
| inderes.fi | 8 | 8 | 9 |
| sttinfo.fi | 5 | 7 | 9 |
| ehef.id | 8 | 8 | 9 |
| smarttech.fi | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| statista.com | 5 | 10 | 8 |
| infobelpro.com | 4 | 3 | 8 |
| environmental-expert.com | 9 | 11 | 8 |
| finland.fi | 9 | 9 | 7 |
| teknologiateollisuus.fi | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| businessfinland.fi | 6 | 4 | 7 |
| hansel.fi | 2 | 1 | 7 |
| reverbico.com | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| glassdoor.com | 10 | 10 | 6 |
| mordorintelligence.com | 8 | 10 | 6 |
| The parent group of a company in the study, own website | 3 | 3 | 6 |
Sorted by 12 October. A host that is another company in the 100 counts as a source here when it is cited in an answer about a different company.